Thursday, February 3, 2022

Winter again in the Lone Star State

And it's starting to look a lot like the last one. Which means threads with winter advice both standard...
And weirdly Texas specific...


If you'll recall, the state's innovative plan for a magic-of-the-markets reinvention of the power grid proved to be a bit more disruptive than expected, but don't worry, the governor isn't out of ideas.

From Bloomberg: [emphasis added]

Last fall, Texas Governor Greg Abbott gathered dozens of cryptocurrency deal makers in Austin where they discussed an idea that, on its face, seemed almost upside down: Electricity-hungry Bitcoin miners could shore up the state’s power grid, a top priority after a deep freeze last winter triggered blackouts that left hundreds dead.

The industry’s advocates have been making that pitch to the governor for years. The idea is that the miners’ computer arrays would demand so much electricity that someone would come along to build more power plants, something Texas badly needs. If the grid starts to go wobbly, as it did when winter storm Uri froze up power plants in February 2021, miners could quickly shut down to conserve energy for homes and businesses. At least two Bitcoin miners have already volunteered to do just that.

There’s no guarantee anyone will build more generation or switch off just because they’re asked. There’s even a chance the idea could backfire and put more strain on the grid overall. But at last October’s meeting at the governor’s mansion, Abbott made it clear that he was going to count on the miners’ assistance when the electricity grid faced colder months ahead. Help me get through the winter, the governor said, according to four people who attended the meeting.


I have to admit this seems much more cutting edge and Web3ish than the idea we've been pushing for the past decade of promoting mature technology with a proven track record. 

I guess we're just old fashioned.

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Thursday, November 12, 2020

Ground source heat pumps are "the most energy-efficient, environmentally clean, and cost-effective space conditioning systems available," but maybe we can get journalists to talk about them anyway.

I'm joking but I'm not kidding. 

If Elon Musk or some other Silicon Valley visionary proposed some laughable plan based on non-existent technology, reporters would be scheduling interviews within the hour, but a solution supported by experts based on mature, tested systems will get little to no coverage.

One of the biggest crises facing California is a failing electrical grid, particularly during summer heat waves which are going to continue becoming more frequent and severe as the planet warms. Ground source heat pumps and similar technology could greatly alleviate pressure on the grid, especially when coupled with roof top solar. On top of that, its efficiency reduces demand for fossil fuels.

If we're going solve our problems, we can't go on being disinterested in solutions. 



From Wikipedia:

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has called ground source heat pumps the most energy-efficient, environmentally clean, and cost-effective space conditioning systems available. Heat pumps offer significant emission reductions potential, particularly where they are used for both heating and cooling and where the electricity is produced from renewable resources.
...
Ground source heat pumps are characterized by high capital costs and low operational costs compared to other HVAC systems. Their overall economic benefit depends primarily on the relative costs of electricity and fuels, which are highly variable over time and across the world. Based on recent prices, ground-source heat pumps currently have lower operational costs than any other conventional heating source almost everywhere in the world. Natural gas is the only fuel with competitive operational costs, and only in a handful of countries where it is exceptionally cheap, or where electricity is exceptionally expensive. In general, a homeowner may save anywhere from 20% to 60% annually on utilities by switching from an ordinary system to a ground-source system. However, many family size installations are reported to use much more electricity than their owners had expected from advertisements. This is often partly due to bad design or installation: Heat exchange capacity with groundwater is often too small, heating pipes in house floors are often too thin and too few, or heated floors are covered with wooden panels or carpets.
...
Capital costs may be offset by government subsidies, for example, Ontario offered $7000 for residential systems installed in the 2009 fiscal year. Some electric companies offer special rates to customers who install a ground-source heat pump for heating or cooling their building. Where electrical plants have larger loads during summer months and idle capacity in the winter, this increases electrical sales during the winter months. Heat pumps also lower the load peak during the summer due to the increased efficiency of heat pumps, thereby avoiding costly construction of new power plants. For the same reasons, other utility companies have started to pay for the installation of ground-source heat pumps at customer residences. They lease the systems to their customers for a monthly fee, at a net overall savings to the customer.
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Wednesday, February 2, 2022

The FSD plot might be thickening...

First off, apologies for two tweet-based posts in a row, but things appear to be breaking quickly on this story. 

A few years ago, Tesla shifted the focus of their hype from EV performance to autonomy (Musk is now trying to shift it again, this time to Tesla's proposed line of humanoid robots, but that doesn't seem to be getting much traction, partially because the closet thing they have to a prototype is a dancing woman in a robot suit). 

Tesla is nowhere near the leader in the AV field -- never has been -- and it lacks the engineering talent and the R&D budget to ever catch up. Musk's solution was just to declare victory and release a far from street-ready Full Self-Driving product for beta-testing by fan boys. 

As a stock pump, it worked beautifully, earning Musk billions in bonuses, but examples of amusing or frightening malfunctions started showing up on YouTube and Twitter and regulators finally started taking a closer look at FSD.

Particularly at this...

Inevitably...


Musk took the news with his characteristic quiet dignity and grace. (For those who came in late, Tesla doesn't have a PR department but Whole Mars Catalog unofficially fills the role). 


Niedermeyer, who wrote the definitive book on Tesla, weighs in.


Here's the system beta-testers are counting on to determine when it's safe to roll through a stop sign at 5 and a half miles an hour.

FSD was supposed to be fully perfected years ago. Musk promised to deliver a million robotaxis by 2020. The actual number is fewer and none of them are Teslas.



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Tuesday, February 1, 2022

Tuesday Crypto Tweets -- Looking forward to the Matt Damon/Ben McKenzie cage match

Damon's an action star but McKenzie's younger and there was that time Jim Gordon punched that guy's face off* so it could go either way.























A bit of background on the bill's sponsor:
Rogers is a member of Oath Keepers, an anti-government militia organization whose members took part in the January 6, 2021 attack on the U.S. Capitol.[5] Since being elected, her rhetoric has become increasingly extreme, including comparing herself to Kyle Rittenhouse and indicating agreement with the white supremacist Great Replacement conspiracy theory, and she has appeared on a webcast that promotes hate speech.[6] In October 2021, Rogers spoke at a QAnon-linked political conference in Las Vegas.







I honestly don't know if this is a joke.
*Admittedly, it wasn't that well attached but still a cool scene. 
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Monday, January 31, 2022

For the math nerds in the audience (or in our case, "the audience")

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Population size

This is Joseph.

In preparation for discussing climate change:


There are currently 7.8 billion people on earth. In 1950 there 2.5 billion. At current rates, demographers project the population will stop growing in 2100 at 11 billion or so. It would then take something like seven generations at US population rates to get back to 2.5 billion. That is at least a century, maybe longer with delayed childbirth. I am not sure that we'd be in any way short of people at 2.5 billion, a number seen in the lifetime of still living people and not in any way a dystopia of underpopulation. 

Note that one way to reduce the pace of climate change to be generating electricity for fewer people and needing fewer cars. Now let me be clear -- this does not mean I have any patience for coercion in these areas. That way lies madness. But I am not sure that a modest drop in population is the least bit concerning and that we can have a rich and full civilization for the foreseeable future on these trajectories. 

And once we move beyond a couple of hundred years, any likely predictions are useless anyway. Imagine trying to imagine 2020 in 1814? Like the whole context of the issues facing world powers and the human race would be sharply and dramatically different. 
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Friday, January 28, 2022

"The claimed functionality and the actual functionality are both bad." -- Everything you always wanted to know about NFTs but were afraid to ask




And I do mean everything. This video by Dan Olson is basically two hours and change of a guy sitting at a desk talking, but it's good talk -- well written and smoothly delivered -- and given the complexity of the topic and the depth and insightfulness of the analysis, there's almost no fat to be trimmed here.  After it gets going, it's also surprisingly involving. Though I had other things to do, I kept telling myself "just one more chapter."

I first heard of this from Stephen Diehl. (I first heard of Stephen Diehl from the Financial Times. I already knew about the Financial Times.) With anything crypto related, Diehl's opinion carries a lot of weight.


Here's one of many sharp quotes from Olson:
"The one market crypto currency has successfully disrupted is the market of fraud. ... A big population of people have willingly self-identified that they have substantial disposable income, poor judgement, low social literacy, a high tolerance for nonsensical risk and are highly persuadable." 

If you're just not a video person, Olson provided a reading list. I'd add Jemima Kelly and Jamie Powell of FT Alphaville.
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Thursday, January 27, 2022

Peloton lifestyle porn

At its peak, Peloton spent a massive amount of money on marketing and PR to pump up revenue (not to be confused with profits) and create the impression of being the next big thing. In general, lots of advertising leans toward depictions of perfect people in perfect homes leading perfect lives, but Peloton campaigns still managed to stand out.

Mystery Twitter troll (and I mean that in the best possible way) Clue Heywood provided an invaluable record of the worst examples complete with pitch-perfect commentary back in 2019.











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Wednesday, January 26, 2022

Death of a unicorn




From Investopedia:

"Unicorn" is a term used in the venture capital industry to describe a privately held startup company with a value of over $1 billion. The term was first popularized by venture capitalist Aileen Lee, founder of Cowboy Ventures, a seed-stage venture capital fund based in Palo Alto, California.


2017 (Inc.)

Fast forward 18 months or so, and Peloton Cycle closed a $325 million financing round, with the likes of Wellington Management, Fidelity Investments, Kleiner Perkins, and Comcast NBCUniversal pouring money into the company. JPMorgan was sole placement agent for the offering. Wintroub worked on the deal with another cycling enthusiast, Eric Stein, who is head of North American investment banking at JPMorgan.

The Series E financing round valued the company at around $1.25 billion, making it a unicorn.

The company is vertically integrated, making its own hardware, producing a tablet computer and the bike it sits on, and software, with 75 software engineers in New York City. It produces 12 hours of live television content a day, and sells through its own retail stores. It also delivers its own bikes in some cities.

"Peloton is a cultural phenomenon and has redefined what it means to build a connected experience disrupting multiple industries simultaneously: in home fitness, boutique class fitness and connected media devices," said Jon Callaghan, cofounder of True Ventures, another investor in the firm.


2022

Peloton is temporarily halting production of its connected fitness products as consumer demand wanes and the company looks to control costs, according to internal documents obtained by CNBC.

Peloton plans to pause Bike production for two months, from February to March, the documents show. It already halted production of its more expensive Bike+ in December and will do so until June. It won’t manufacture its Tread treadmill machine for six weeks, beginning next month. And it doesn’t anticipate producing any Tread+ machines in fiscal 2022, according to the documents. Peloton had previously halted Tread+ production after a safety recall last year.

The company said in a confidential presentation dated Jan. 10 that demand for its connected fitness equipment has faced a “significant reduction” around the world due to shoppers’ price sensitivity and amplified competitor activity.

Peloton has essentially guessed wrong about how many people would be buying its products, after so much demand was pulled forward during the coronavirus pandemic. It’s now left with thousands of cycles and treadmills sitting in warehouses or on cargo ships, and it needs to reset its inventory levels.

The planned production halt comes as close to $40 billion has been shaved off of Peloton’s market cap over the past year. Its market value hit a high of nearly $50 billion last January.

Peloton shares closed Thursday down 23.9% at $24.22, bringing the stock’s market value to $7.9 billion. During trading, shares hit a 52-week low of $23.25. The drop also brought the stock below $29, where it was priced ahead of Peloton’s initial public offering.


The personal lesson I'm taking away from this is not to put off posting about high flying companies with stupid business plans. I'd meant to do a deep dive into Peloton back when it was everybody's darling, but all I actually produced were a few tangential references, snarky tweets and quotes from other, harder working writers.


Thursday, October 17, 2019

Disappointed by the omission of MoviePass, but...

When we try to make sense of the unicorn delusion years from now, we'll want to revisit this passage by Derek Thompson. [emphasis added]
Several weeks ago, I met up with a friend in New York who suggested we grab a bite at a Scottish bar in the West Village. He had booked the table through something called Seated, a restaurant app that pays users who make reservations on the platform. We ordered two cocktails each, along with some food. And in exchange for the hard labor of drinking whiskey, the app awarded us $30 in credits redeemable at a variety of retailers.

I am never offended by freebies. But this arrangement seemed almost obscenely generous. To throw cash at people every time they walk into a restaurant does not sound like a business. It sounds like a plot to lose money as fast as possible—or to provide New Yorkers, who are constantly dining out, with a kind of minimum basic income.

“How does this thing make any sense?” I asked my friend.

“I don’t know if it makes sense, and I don’t know how long it’s going to last,” he said, pausing to scroll through redemption options. “So, do you want your half in Amazon credits or Starbucks?”

I don’t know if it makes sense, and I don’t know how long it’s going to last. Is there a better epitaph for this age of consumer technology?

Starting about a decade ago, a fleet of well-known start-ups promised to change the way we work, work out, eat, shop, cook, commute, and sleep. These lifestyle-adjustment companies were so influential that wannabe entrepreneurs saw them as a template, flooding Silicon Valley with “Uber for X” pitches.

But as their promises soared, their profits didn’t. It’s easy to spend all day riding unicorns whose most magical property is their ability to combine high valuations with persistently negative earnings—something I’ve pointed out before. If you wake up on a Casper mattress, work out with a Peloton before breakfast, Uber to your desk at a WeWork, order DoorDash for lunch, take a Lyft home, and get dinner through Postmates, you’ve interacted with seven companies that will collectively lose nearly $14 billion this year. If you use Lime scooters to bop around the city, download Wag to walk your dog, and sign up for Blue Apron to make a meal, that’s three more brands that have never record a dime in earnings, or have seen their valuations fall by more than 50 percent.

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Tuesday, January 25, 2022

Proofs of a Conspiracy -- Four kinds of evidence


The first two or three of these may border on obvious, but I do have a couple of fresh data points for the last one.


"See, I told you so..."

No matter how unreliable the source or how tenuous the connection, any piece of evidence confirming any part of the theory is embraced. 

____________________


"Which is exactly what they'd say..."

Evidence contradicting the theory is taken as proof of a conspiracy to cover up the truth and is therefore also seen as confirmation.

____________________


"You expect us to believe..."

Even if the evidence doesn't directly relate to the theory, it can still be considered confirmatory if it's odd enough or difficult to explain. Though not a conspiracy theory, we often see something similar with proponents of alien visitor theories. For example, some researchers argued that the interstellar object Oumuamua was some kind of alien craft not because it behaved like one but because it had properties that would be unusual for a comet or asteroid. 

____________________


"But the real history teaches us..."

Around 2000 (I remember because of where I was living at the time), while surfing I came across a Lyndon Larouche follower explaining history on a cable access channel. He explained that what he was about to reveal was not the history you get in classes or from books or from historians, but what really happened. I stopped to see what he had to say and my curiosity was more than satisfied when he started talking about troops Russia sent to help the Union in the Civil War.

I'd come across Lincoln's Cossacks before. They were a popular urban myth during the war -- the black helicopters of the day -- and somehow this obscure piece of 18th Century folklore had not only survived but had been reworked into a key piece of the popular modern mythology of Larouche.

I'd run across this something similar before. A few years earlier, I'd picked up a copy of a book called Proofs of a Conspiracy for a dime at a library sale. I'd always had a morbid curiosity about fringe groups and this was something of a two-fer, 20th century conspiracy theorists finding historical validation by reprinting a book of 18th century conspiracy theories.



This need for historical validation extends out to all sorts of groups on the fringe who want to be taken seriously. I'll try to dig into some examples in a future post.


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Monday, January 24, 2022

Nuclear power and climate change

This is Joseph.

Is climate change an existential threat? This is from the UN website:

Throughout the morning, the Council’s high-level open debate on climate and security heard from a range of influential voices, including naturalist David Attenborough, who called climate change “the biggest threat to security that modern humans have ever faced”.  In video remarks telecast at the outset, he warned that concentrations of carbon dioxide currently in the atmosphere have not been equalled for millions of years.

“If we continue on our current path, we will face the collapse of everything that gives us our security,” he said:  food production, access to fresh water, habitable ambient temperature and ocean food chains.  The poorest — those with the least security — are certain to suffer.  “Our duty right now is surely to do all we can to help those in the most immediate danger.”

While the world will never return to the stable climate that gave birth to civilization, he said that, if Governments attending the twenty-sixth Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in November recognize climate change as a global security threat, “we may yet act proportionately — and in time”.

Now it is a press release and there might be hyperbole. But, if true, it highlights a classic example of not being able to balance risks. Nuclear power is not risk free but it can clearly be expanded. France gets 70% of its electric power from Nuclear. The United States gets 20%. With the  advent of electric cars, it might even be possible for France to use this capacity to further reduce dependance on carbon emitting technology. 

Now nuclear accidents are bad. But the Chernobyl exclusion zone has actually turned into a refugee for animal life showing a fair degree of resilience. And, let us be clear, nuclear safety has progressed in the last 50 years and the USSR was not known for industrial safety in any context. 

So why is there a challenge getting new reactor designs approved? I am a nature lover and see this viewpoint from the linked article as abhorrent:

Personally, I am very worried about climate change and air pollution and fired up about energy abundance, but I’m not much of a nature lover. So at the end of the day, if we need to cover huge swathes of open space with solar panels, wind turbines, and transmission lines, I’m all for it. But realistically, not everyone feels that way, and the margin does matter. We should cut down some woodlands in New England for the sake of clean energy, but probably not all of it. It would be really nice to get a decent chunk of electricity from microreactors that have small footprints and could fit into the built landscape or be situated in natural settings with minimal disruption.

But Mr Yglesias is correct that some compromise is needed. We can only reduce power use so quickly and there are serious justice issues with telling developing countries to stop improving standards of living. Nor is the typical American going to want to see a huge drop in living standards. 

Now, let us be clear, the original article suggests that carbon emissions are the biggest threat to security that humans have ever faced. In this context, is it not worth at least strongly considering safe nuclear power plants that are properly regulated and developed?  And if this is wrong then it should be clarified as to which part is: 1) is nuclear more dangerous than we expect and, if so, how? or 2) is climate change a smaller threat than we think?

None of this means we should end renewable development and research. But it is quite clearly the case that a modern economy could get the majority of its electricity from nuclear. Some countries do manage this from renewables. Bit if you look at the leaders (countries like Canada, Norway, and Brazil) you see a huge proportion of this comes from hydropower, which rather relies on geography to make work.

I am not sure that I am right about this, but it is definitely worth pondering. 

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Friday, January 21, 2022

Belated Thursday Tweets

Pandemic moments

This one is peak something...





Crypto and Crypto-adjacent






At least Trump never used wired earbuds









"The unicorn is a mythical beast..."




Foxholes




        Necessary and Sufficientish




Who could have seen this coming?




Nuanced take from Marshall



Without comment.



"Tim, we'll get back to the report."


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Thursday, January 20, 2022

"the more beautiful it turns, grows so much the weaker"

 We generally shy away from the Tulipomania section of Extraordinary Popular Delusions. Of the three discussions of bubbles by Charles MacKay, it is the shortest and generally the least interesting but it does contain some very nice writing. It also seems especially relevant in an age of NFTs, which have a definite tulip mania vibe.

The tulip,—so named, it is said, from a Turkish word, signifying a turban,—was introduced into western Europe about the middle of the sixteenth century. Conrad Gesner, who claims the merit of having brought it into repute,—little dreaming of the commotion it was shortly afterwards to make in the world,—says that he first saw it in the year 1559, in a garden at Augsburg, belonging to the learned Counsellor Herwart, a man very famous in his day for his collection of rare exotics. The bulbs were sent to this gentleman by a friend at Constantinople, where the flower had long been a favourite. In the course of ten or eleven years after this period, tulips were much sought after by the wealthy, especially in Holland and Germany. Rich people at Amsterdam sent for the bulbs direct to Constantinople, and paid the most extravagant prices for them. The first roots planted in England were brought from Vienna in 1600. Until the year 1634 the tulip annually increased in reputation, until it was deemed a proof of bad taste in any man of fortune to be without a collection of them. Many learned men, including Pompeius de Angelis and the celebrated Lipsius of Leyden, the author of the treatise “De Constantia,” were passionately fond of tulips. The rage for possessing them soon caught the middle classes of society, and merchants and shopkeepers, even of moderate means, began to vie with each other in the rarity of these flowers and the preposterous prices they paid for them. A trader at Harlaem was known to pay one-half of his fortune for a single root, not with the design of selling it again at a profit, but to keep in his own conservatory for the admiration of his acquaintance.


One would suppose that there must have been some great virtue in this flower to have made it so valuable in the eyes of so prudent a people as the Dutch; but it has neither the beauty nor the perfume of the rose—hardly the beauty of the “sweet, sweet-pea;” neither is it as enduring as either. Cowley, it is true, is loud in its praise. He says—


“The tulip next appeared, all over gay,

But wanton, full of pride, and full of play;

The world can’t shew a dye but here has place;

Nay, by new mixtures, she can change her face;

Purple and gold are both beneath her care,

The richest needlework she loves to wear;

Her only study is to please the eye,

And to outshine the rest in finery.”


This, though not very poetical, is the description of a poet. Beckmann, in his History of Inventions, paints it with more fidelity, and in prose more pleasing than Cowley’s poetry. He says, “There are few plants which acquire, through accident, weakness, or disease, so many variegations as the tulip. When uncultivated, and in its natural state, it is almost of one colour, has large leaves, and an extraordinarily long stem. When it has been weakened by cultivation, it becomes more agreeable in the eyes of the florist. The petals are then paler, smaller, and more diversified in hue; and the leaves acquire a softer green colour. Thus this masterpiece of culture, the more beautiful it turns, grows so much the weaker, so that, with the greatest skill and most careful attention, it can scarcely be transplanted, or even kept alive.”

Many persons grow insensibly attached to that which gives them a great deal of trouble, as a mother often loves her sick and ever-ailing child better than her more healthy offspring. Upon the same principle we must account for the unmerited encomia lavished upon these fragile blossoms. 


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Wednesday, January 19, 2022

Even with Alejandro Jodorowsky's never filmed Dune, truth can be stranger than fiction, especially when crypto and NFTs are involved



Jamie Powell writing for FT Alphaville.

Yet a fascination with the project’s mind-bendingly ambitious vision remained, so much so that a documentary was made about it in 2014, and a rare book on the unmade film — containing the script, concept art and other pre-production materials — has become a collector’s items among Dune-heads.

So in-demand in fact, that every now and then one of the estimated 20 surfaces for sale gets purchased for big bucks. And so it was in late November, when Christies sold one of the copies for €2.66m — almost 100 times its estimate.

Which brings us neatly to this announcement from Spice DAO on Sunday:

If you don’t know what a DAO, or decentralised anonymous organisation, is, let us explain. In effect, it’s a governance structure where each member of the organisation — a membership often granted by simply buying a cryptocurrency tied to it (in this case, named SPICE) — becomes a decision maker in the organisation’s governance. The governance rules are set in smart contracts drafted beforehand by the original organisers, but after that, every decision of the entity is decided by the tokenholders. Presented as an antidote to the centralised governance of modern tech companies, it’s like being a shareholder in a crowd-funded project, but without being able to defer any decision-making to a chief executive or management team. (And that, arguably, is the least of the model’s problems. Do read Izzy or Stephen Diehl for more.)

Yet the problem with Spice DAO isn’t so much a philosophical one but a legal one.

We don’t know why we have to state this, but by buying a copy of something doesn’t give you exclusive rights to monetise its content. It’s literally the bedrock of intellectual property law and therefore, large swaths of capitalism.

So, have SpiceDAO resolved this? The copyrights of the book’s script and illustrations, according to BuzzFeed, are owned by Jodorowsky himself, and artists Jean Giraud and HR Giger. Both of whom died over the past decade. So without their estate’s sign-off, SpiceDAO is Spice dead in the water.


Turns out the IP situation is even worse than Powell suggests. About that animated series...

And there's more.

Of course, there are still 19 other copies out, not to mention this...


You know what the sad part is? This almost certainly isn't the dumbest blockchain based business idea we'll see in 2022. It may not even be the dumbest of the year so far.

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Tuesday, January 18, 2022

Tax cuts are getting old as a policy idea

This is Joseph. 

It has been more than 40 years since the California Tax revolt and Ronald Reagan in the United States. I was young in the 1980's and there was a certain interest in the question of whether high tax rates might interfere with economic activity. 

So in 2022, in Manitoba, just after a pandemic and with the health care system overstrained, you get this question in EngageMB:


Please note the lack of options in this questionnaire for options like "raise taxes" to handle medical care costs and/or infrastructure, 

Now I am not going to question that cutting taxes seems like a good plan as a taxpayer. But remember that this is only one side of the questions. I would also like lower prices at the local McDonalds restaurant but dropping prices requires trade-offs. This late into the tax cut idea set, the easy cuts have long been made and what is left is either service degradation (keep in mind these are things like roads) or improving efficiency. 

I would get behind a plan to improve efficiency (first) and then cut taxes (second) but the reverse is doing the easy part first. But a straight "just cut taxes" plan is old hat and the opposite of a dynamic and creative political message. 
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